Galvanic Isolation of the Signal (Signal Isolation):

• It electrically isolates and separates the sensor circuit from the control circuit and from the power supply circuit; therefore, each circuit operates with reference to its own zero potential which, being isolated from the other circuits, cannot be altered by the potential differences that are always present between different earth references (Fig. 3).

• It isolates and separates the different ground potentials between power supply, control system, and sensors/actuators.

• It allows signal transmission without errors or disturbances and with greater reliability.

• The higher the isolation rating (in kV), the greater the transmission safety in the presence of ground potentials, electromagnetic disturbances, and transients (lightning strikes, discharges, etc.) (Fig. 4).